目前市面上的生髮、育髮治療,對毛囊已大部分或完全萎縮的人來說,其實效果相對有限,大概只有植髮手術才能幫助重建豐盈髮量。植髮手術已經行之有年,不僅是有頂部落髮問題可以做植髮,身體其他部位像眉毛或鬍鬚較稀疏的人,也可以考慮植髮手術。
本文將介紹植髮手術的基本選擇,常聽到的FUT和FUE是什麼,以及植髮手術的優點、缺點。
目前市面上的生髮、育髮治療,對毛囊已大部分或完全萎縮的人來說,其實效果相對有限,大概只有植髮手術才能幫助重建豐盈髮量。植髮手術已經行之有年,不僅是有頂部落髮問題可以做植髮,身體其他部位像眉毛或鬍鬚較稀疏的人,也可以考慮植髮手術。
本文將介紹植髮手術的基本選擇,常聽到的FUT和FUE是什麼,以及植髮手術的優點、缺點。
因爲雄性禿或其他原因產生局部落髮者,大多情況下後枕部的毛囊幾乎都不受影響,也因此這個區塊被稱為「永不落髮區」。所謂的植髮手術,不管是我們接下來會介紹的FUE手術或FUT手術,原理都是相同的,就是將毛囊做重新分配。
植髮手術的主要步驟有三:
取髮—把後枕部健康的毛囊取下;
分髮—把取下的毛髮分好,只留下健康且適合種植的毛囊;
種髮—基本上取多少根就種多少根,移植到落髮、缺髮的區塊。
種植的頭髮存活率可高達到九成以上,如果再同時搭配其他生髮育髮治療及頭皮護理,維護原生的髮絲,就可以恢復一頭豐盈秀髮!
植髮手術分成傳統植髮(FUT)與微創植髮(FUE)兩種形式。
傳統植髮FUT就是俗稱的切頭皮方式,醫師會評估需要的毛囊數量,然後畫出需在後枕部取下的頭皮範圍,再利用顯微鏡從取下的這片長條形頭皮中,分離出一株株的毛囊,最後再將健康的毛囊種植回落髮區域。
微創植髮FUE作法是使用鑽孔器,將毛囊從後枕部一株株的鑽取下,再將這些毛囊移植到落髮區域。FUE手術另有個特別之處,是可以鑽取身體其他部位的毛髮來進行移植,例如胸毛、鬍鬚、手腳毛等。不過其他部位取下的毛囊特性,可能會和需要移植的部位不同,所以未必會適合移植的區域,還是要特別跟醫師討論。
傳統植髮FUT主要考慮取下頭皮後的傷口問題,及如需要的毛囊量大,取下區域也勢必會較大。優點是手術速度相對快、費用較低,可一次取得較大量毛髮。缺點是術後取髮處可能會留下一條長型的疤痕,不過現在有無痕縫合的技術,可以做到疤痕幾乎看不見。
微創植髮FUE的優點是幾乎不需修復期,傷口很小不太留疤、癒合速度快,術後疼痛感也較低。缺點是如植髮的數量較多,後枕部就需要進行教大面積的剃髮,手術時間也較長,因而費用提高。
植髮手術針對不同性別、種族、取髮模式,及個人的頭皮彈性、頭皮軟硬程度、髮根深淺位置等,要掌握的重點也不太一樣。因此使用兩種植髮手術並無優劣之分,還是要按照個人狀況,以及植髮團隊對哪種手術的熟練度更高,醫生會以「種植數量」、「取髮範圍」與「病患可否接受留疤」來作評估。
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